What is saffron?
95% of the world’s “red gold” saffron is planted and exported in Iran. Saffron with amazing properties is traditionally grown in Khorasan province, a region in northeastern Iran with ideal subtropical climates with mild winters and hot and dry summers. Saffron is a valuable spice in the Zagros Mountains. Saffron with the scientific name of Crocus Sativus belongs to the Iridaceae family.
The best time to plant saffron is May and June.
The warmer the weather, the saffron onion will be damaged. Irrigation is needed for saffron in the beginning of cultivation and after this only during harvest and a few days before harvest, the need for water is seen in saffron cultivation fields. Saffron plant needs less irrigation and care than other plants. Saffron onion does not need to be replanted when it is planted until 7 years later.
The time of saffron harvest is in October and mid-November. Of course, the harvest may continue until the end of November. Certainly, the time of planting and harvesting saffron and the method of cleaning saffron have a great impact on the price and quality of the product. Saffron, which is dried and cleaned quickly after harvest, is more suitable for export.
Saffron is one of the spices that has been known since ancient times for its color, taste and medicinal properties. This exotic spice is also cultivated in southern Europe and is now practiced in many countries around the world, especially in Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Turkey, Iran, and in India and Kashmir.
75,000 saffron blossoms are needed to produce one kilogram of saffron spice. Saffron is usually harvested by hand. Due to the difficulty of harvesting saffron, saffron is one of the most expensive plants in the world.
Production of good saffron requires cold and dry climate, with fertile and rich soils and irrigation facilities with sufficient rainfall. Saffron flowers are harvested early in the morning and die very quickly. Saffron has a distinctive aroma that is obtained from its chemical compounds such as picrocrocin and safranal. It also contains natural carotenoid chemical compounds and crocin, which makes saffron golden yellow. These properties, along with its medicinal properties, make it a valuable element in many foods around the world.
Saffron is used for asthma, cough, sore throat. It is also suitable for insomnia, cancer, hardening of the arteries, vomiting, flatulence, depression, anxiety, memory control, Alzheimer’s disease, labor pains, heartburn, a skin condition called psoriasis and dry skin. Applying saffron mask to your skin will increase the softness and freshness of your skin.
Women use saffron for menstrual cramps and premenstrual syndrome. Men use saffron to prevent premature ejaculation and infertility. Saffron is also used to stimulate sweating, improve libido and improve blood sugar in patients taking the drug for schizophrenia.
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